The Teenage Brain: A New Perspective

The teenage years have always been a big adventure — a time of seemingly boundless energy and enthusiasm. There has also been a tendency to sometimes label the teenager as impulsive and reckless — risk-takers who lack the decision-making abilities of adults.

The Wonderfully Complex and Morphing Brain of a Teenager

This characterization is misleading as recent neuroscience research is flipping this narrative on its head.

In an article by Zara Abrams, “What neuroscience tells us about the teenage brain” (2022), it turns out that the teenage brain is not just a bundle of chaos heading towards risky behaviour, but a powerhouse of neural potential and adaptability.

Here are some recent findings …

One of the most fascinating aspects of the teenage brain is its heightened sensitivity to rewards. This trait is driven by increased neural activity in an area known as the ventral striatum, a part of the brain that is involved in decision making, motor control, emotion, habit formation, and reward. This area has long been linked to risky behaviors like substance use, however, in the right environment this same sensitivity can lead to positive outcomes, such as increased motivation and social engagement. Not surprisingly, when teens are exposed to positive environments, their resulting actions tend to point in directions that can lead to some pretty amazing things.

There is building, brain-based evidence to support this.

Here are three brief descriptions of some amazing youth and the impacts they made in their teens:

  1. Autumn Peltier
    • At just 13 years of age, Canadian Indigenous rights activist Autumn Peltier addressed the United Nations General Assembly, urging them to recognize the importance of water protection. In 2019 and at the young age of 15, Autumn Peltier was named the chief water commissioner for the Anishinabek Nation, a group representing 40 First Nations across Ontario.
  2. Malala Yousafzai
    • As a child, Malala Yousafzai went to her dad’s school in Pakistan to be one of the few girls to get an education. One day as she was on her way to school, she was shot by a gunman simply because she was a student. Surviving this horrific event, Malala has become a passionate, global advocate for women’s educational rights.
  3. Greta Thunberg
    • In 2019, this Swedish teen was named ‘Person of the Year’ by Time Magazine in recognition of her work as a climate change activist: “We can’t just continue living as if there was no tomorrow, because there is a tomorrow.”
Autumn Peltier

Today, researchers are using sophisticated methods to study the teenage brain including conducting longitudinal studies. Instead of just comparing different age groups, researchers are following the same individuals over time. This approach is providing an even clearer picture of how the teenage brain develops and changes during adolescence.

The teenage brain is more malleable than we had thought.

This malleability or neuroplasticity means that teens are particularly adept at learning and adapting to new situations — all while their brains are undergoing a significant re-wiring — where their neural network is reducing grey matter (the cell bodies and connections between nerves) while increasing white matter (the insulated neural highways that speed information within the brain and throughout the body).

Malala Yousafzai

Teens are living their complex lives while their brains are making neural changes affecting their thinking, reasoning and actions. And … these changes are not uniform. This variability makes adolescence a unique and critical period, where it can lead to both positive and negative teen behavior.

This is where parents and educators play a pivotal role.

We cannot easily change certain environmental conditions like socio-economic status or even where we live, but we CAN influence an environmental condition that is likely even more important — our relationships with teens.

Greta Thunberg

And because of this, parents and educators play a crucial role in shaping the teenage brain. Positive reinforcement and supportive relationships can steer teens towards healthier behaviors. We can’t always control teen life stressors, but we can model how we react to them and also how we support teens. Understanding this developing science behind teenager brain development can only help influential adults such as parents and educators provide the best possible guidance for youth.

Despite these advances in research, there’s still much to learn about the teenage brain — an incredible, morphing marvel of nature.

So, the next time you see a teenager remember – their brain is not just a work in progress, but a potential masterpiece in the making in which we can all play a role.

Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Component to Effective Leadership

In today’s ever-evolving K-12 landscape, system leaders need to be competent in more than instructional leadership and day-to-day operations. Effective leaders require an understanding of human emotions and the ability to navigate complex interpersonal dynamics.

Being in the ‘people business’ it is critical for our leaders to have an Emotional Intelligence as much as it is critical for them to be outstanding educators.

Emotional Intelligence (EI): the ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions, as well as the emotions of others.

Being Aware of One’s Own Emotional Triggers is Key to a High EI

In leadership, EI is a critical component that can significantly impact our collective performance, and most importantly employee and student satisfaction. EI will make-or-break your system. If our leaders are attuned to themselves and others, our system will run more smoothly and effectively. Problem solving becomes better as do the resulting solutions.

Let me explain …

At its core, Emotional Intelligence is about self-awareness. Leaders with high EI are acutely aware of their own emotional states and how these states affect their thoughts and behaviors. This self-awareness doesn’t make the EI aware person immune from errors, but it does provide them with the ability to be reflective and hopefully more effective. EI allows them to maintain control over their emotions, even in stressful situations, to make more rational decisions. By understanding their own emotional triggers, leaders can avoid reactive behaviors that might negatively impact their team. Having a high EI does not mean that one will never become upset when triggered, but it does mean that if you are a person with high EI you can recognize your triggers and minimize your emotional responses.

Leading Others Involves Understanding their Concerns

One of the key benefits of Emotional Intelligence is the ability to build and maintain strong relationships. Leaders with high EI are skilled at empathizing with their team, understanding their perspectives, and addressing their concerns. This empathy fosters a sense of trust and respect, which is essential for effective collaboration and teamwork. When employees feel understood and valued, they are more likely to be engaged and motivated. The high EI leader is also genuine in their empathy and understanding — they are believable and transparent.

Effective communication is a hallmark of great leadership, and emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in this area as well. Leaders with high EI are adept at both verbal and non-verbal communication. They can read body language, tone of voice, and other subtle cues to gauge how their messages are being received. This ability to ‘read the room’ enables them to adjust their communication style to better connect with their audience, whether it’s delivering feedback, resolving conflicts, or providing an inspirational address.

Leaders with high EI understand what drives their team members and can tailor their leadership approach to meet those needs. They recognize and celebrate individual and team achievements, provide constructive feedback, and create a positive and supportive work environment. This ability to connect with and inspire their team is what can drive a school district towards better student outcomes.

As Superintendent, I realize that we can only get better when our team believes that they are a part of something bigger — that they play an important role in our future and that their leadership is attuned to their needs.

An Emotionally Responsive Culture is Key to Student Success

A positive work environment is essential for employee well-being and organizational success. Effective leaders play a pivotal role in creating and maintaining such an environment. They are aware of the emotional climate in their workplace and take proactive steps to address any issues that may arise. By promoting a culture of openness, respect, and inclusivity, they can ensure that employees feel safe and supported. They demonstrate the behaviors and attitudes they expect from their team such as empathy, resilience, and integrity. By modeling these qualities, they set a standard for their team to follow and create a culture of emotional intelligence within the organization.

I am fortunate to be in a school district that is large enough for us to do some creative things, yet small enough for me to make personal connections with many of our staff. Celebrating personal milestones, pulling the entire school board office together for a staff meeting, or writing personalized notes are just a few of the ways to make connections to ensure that our team is acknowledged, included and respected.

Why Don’t Schools Teach “X”?

I love the fall — it’s an exciting time of renewal — a new school year with shiny floors and everyone looking refreshed and energized. It is also a time when I hear lots of suggestions about what we should be teaching. Here are some of my all-time favourites:

  • changing a flat tire
  • surviving in the wild
  • negotiating a contract
  • filling out a federal tax form
  • growing vegetables
  • performing basic pet care
  • displaying manners such as holding a door
  • investing in stocks and bonds
  • sewing on a button

‘Basic pet care’ was new to me this year. Not sure what that means beyond feeding your dog, putting out some fresh water, going for walks, and taking them to the vet when they need it … but I digress. That’s not really the point.

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