Why Students (and Adults) Struggle to Be Wrong — and How to Help

December 6, 2025 / Dave Eberwein / Leave a comment

The beginning of my career had me teaching high school Science, Chemistry and Math. One of my fondest memories was organizing science fairs at two different schools. The science fair was a great way for my students to expand both their knowledge in an area of interest, as well as give them practical experience in the scientific method.

Here’s an example of a typical conversation I might have had:

Two Grade 9 students set out to test whether plants grow better when exposed to music. They were excited, confident, and — after two weeks — convinced they were right. The plants exposed to music looked ‘happier’, they told me.

But when I gently pointed out that the control group had actually grown taller, they hesitated. “Maybe the music plants are just slower starters.”

The students aren’t being dishonest. They are being human — exhibiting something called Confirmation Bias.

Confirmation Bias: Our brain’s tendency to seek out, interpret and remember information that supports what we already believe.

It’s why a student who thinks they’re ‘bad at math’ might ignore a good test score one day, or why a child convinced their teacher or another student doesn’t like them may interpret neutral feedback from others as criticism.

It’s not a character flaw. It’s a feature of cognition — especially in an adolescent brain.

The Brain’s Shortcut System

Our brains are wired for efficiency. Every second, we’re bombarded with sensory input, and to make sense of it all, the brain relies on heuristics — mental shortcuts that help us make quick decisions. Daniel Kahneman, Nobel laureate and author of Thinking, Fast and Slow, describes this as the interplay between “System 1” (fast, intuitive thinking) and “System 2” (slow, analytical thinking). Confirmation Bias lives in System 1 — it’s fast, automatic, and invisible.

This heuristic shortcut helps us feel safe and certain. Confirmation Bias allows us to make sense of something very quickly. But, in a learning environment, it can unfortunately also close the doors to a more complete understanding.

The Adolescent Brain and Belief Formation

Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable to Confirmation Bias. Their prefrontal cortex — the part of the brain responsible for critical thinking and self-regulation — is still developing well into their twenties. Research shows that the adolescent brain is particularly sensitive to social feedback. Beliefs formed during adolescence can become deeply entrenched and difficult to unseat — hence, the problem of changing “I can’t do math” or “Susie doesn’t like me”.

In school, this means that early experiences — both positive and negative — shape how students see themselves as learners for years to come.

When Confirmation Bias Meets the Curriculum

Confirmation Bias doesn’t just affect how students see themselves. It influences how they engage with content. A student who believes that History is ‘boring’ may skim over content that is actually really engaging. Someone who thinks that science is‘ too hard’ might dismiss their own curiosity on the topic. This same idea applies to every subject area depending on what a student believes — they can’t do math, sing, dribble a basketball, or bake a cake.

And when students are asked to explore controversial or difficult topics — things like climate change, historical injustices, or ethical dilemmas — Confirmation Bias can make it harder to consider multiple perspectives. This can close the door to exploring deeper, more complete truths.

Teachers as Cognitive Coaches

Educators play a powerful role in shaping how students process information. The way we frame questions, give feedback, and design lessons can either reinforce or disrupt Confirmation Bias.

When students actually believe their abilities can grow, they’re more likely to embrace challenges and revise their thinking. But this requires intentionality on the part of teachers, parents and others who work with them. A well-meaning comment that they’ve done a ‘good job‘ can actually reinforce a fixed belief just as easily as it can encourage growth.

Disrupting Confirmation Bias

So how do we help students see beyond what they already believe?

Ask open-ended questions — Invite multiple interpretations of the same issue or event.
Encourage metacognition — Have students reflect on how they’re thinking, not just what they’re thinking.
Introduce disconfirming evidence — What would it take to change their mind?
Model intellectual humility — Share moments when you’ve changed your own thinking.

Technology and Media

In today’s world, Confirmation Bias doesn’t stop at the classroom. In a previous post (Implicit Bias: Yup, I’m Talking About You! – Feb 2022) I discussed how social media (e.g. Instagram, TikTok, X, Facebook) is designed to confirm our bias by showing us posts and reels that agree with us — in direct contradiction to what we hope to be doing in classrooms. For young minds still forming their worldviews, this can reinforce narrow thinking as they settle into the belief that they must be right because “I see it everywhere on social media.“

In Saanich Schools, teaching digital literacy — how to evaluate sources, question algorithms, and seek diverse perspectives is something we put a lot of effort into and will continue to do so.

A New Kind of Resilience

Helping students challenge their own beliefs isn’t about changing their views on being right. It’s about building cognitive resilience — the ability to sit with uncertainty, to revise one’s thinking, and to grow — to be confident enough in oneself to be open to other perspectives and, yes, to maybe being wrong.

And, let’s be clear, it’s not just students. Many adults also have a difficulty being wrong.

It’s why we see slow change on things that are destructive or hurtful — we know better, but we still carry on. Think of things like climate change, growing income disparity, intolerance towards others, stereotyping, and bigotry.

All of them wrong, yet they persist.

Building cognitive resilience is not just learning — it’s transformation. It’s building reflective, curious young people who are open to new ideas that can solve existing and future problems.

Teaching for Curiosity, Not Certainty

Education isn’t about filling students with facts. We have come past the point of thinking the goal of K-12 education is simply placing more facts and figures into their heads — yes, there are important lessons from history, science, math, reading, and physical literacy — however, education is about teaching students HOW to think, HOW to question, and HOW to stay curious — HOW to be open to conflicting information that should challenge one’s current understanding.

It’s about them being confident enough in themselves to be unsure.

Confirmation Bias is a natural part of being human. But when we help students recognize it, name it, and work through it, we give them a gift far greater than facts and certainty.

We give them the tools to keep learning.

_{(This post was written with assistance of an AI prompt on exploring confirmation bias in education. I changed much of the content and added significantly to the final product.)}

My 2024-2025 Reflections

June 9, 2025 / Dave Eberwein / 1 Comment

There’s so much I am grateful for as Superintendent. But if I had to name just one thing that stands out, it’s this: I get to be part of a professional community that never stops striving to be better. Every day I’m surrounded by people who challenge and inspire me to grow — people who believe deeply in creating spaces where every learner can thrive. Together, we’re not just educators. We’re leaders. And we’re building something meaningful.

Like everywhere else, our district is affected by global issues. The global social and political realities of today are significant and impacting us in unexpected ways. In some of my previous posts I have commented on things such as the current political turmoil, economic uncertainty and social media biases — where we have seen the marginalizing of people because of their beliefs and personal preferences. I have blogged about the problems of racism, bigotry and hatred — because they are important topics for me — areas where we need conversation and action against them. As a school system, we have an obligation to combat these intolerances and be strong in our belief of being the places of kindness and understanding — the places where students feel welcomed, safe and included.

Tucker catching up on some critical down time

These are some of the current influences that are shaping my thinking and wonderings. With this as a backdrop, I’ve compiled a short list of 4 areas of personal reflection that I’d like to share — areas where I’ve spent some time — at work, on my drive home or perhaps walking Tucker:

Student Success
Artificial Intelligence & Education
Political and Economic Upheaval
A Personal Perspective

Student Success

We are 1/2 way through Strategic Plan 2022-2027 — and making some good progress in: Literacy; Indigenous Learner Success; Mental Health & Wellness; and Global Citizenship.

School Plans, Personal Growth Plans, Long-Range Facilities Plans, staff recruitment, the Information Technology Plan, budget planning and many other areas are all examples of how we align our efforts to the Strategic Plan, building on what we know works well as well as trying new things to make us better.

The Enhancing Student Learning Report (Sept 2024) provides a great overview of our successes and areas where we still need to focus.

Here are some sample results:

Overall student literacy rates are showing improvement including for students with complex learning needs. There is still a difference in literacy rates between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students, but the gap is narrowing.
Overall, students are feeling welcomed and safe at school. There has been a significant improvement of Indigenous students feeling a sense of belonging.
It is clear that having an adult with whom every child feels connected makes a tremendous difference in students’ sense of safety, as well as feeling valued for who they are in this world.
Graduation rates for all students continue to show a steady increase, with the biggest increase seen for the 6-year Indigenous student graduation rate increasing from 56% (2022-22) to 73% (2023-24).

These are just a few of the trends we are seeing. I encourage you to look over the entire Report when you have some time. While there is still much work to be done — especially as it relates to building equity — it is important to acknowledge the efforts our staff are providing in building successful learning opportunities for the students in our care.

Artificial Intelligence and Education

This is an exciting time to be in K-12 education.

In the words of a friend and colleague, “The AI you’re using today is the worst it’s ever going to be.” Being the most recent ‘disruptive technology‘, AI is altering the educational landscape — changing how we lesson plan, increasing accessibility to the curriculum, as well as how we assess student progress. It also provides opportunities within the business side of our system.

But, this newest of technologies also comes with questions and worries. We’re not ignoring these, but instead we’re building a foundation of understanding that is continually evolving alongside of the technology. By embracing the conversation, we have the best opportunity to leverage its possibilities, while being cognizant of ensuring its appropriate use.

In Saanich, we produced a foundational document (Framework for Generative AI in Saanich Schools) that provides some of the ‘bumper pads or guiderails’ for AI in our schools. It is not the final word on how we use AI, but it does give us the foundation from which to build awareness and understanding, as well as increase our system capacity in capitalizing on this new, and evolving tool.

We hosted two staff GenAI Think Tanks this year as well as a virtual Parent Information Evening with 300 parents registered.

Our goal in these ongoing conversations is to share our current knowledge and progress, ask questions and continue our learning journey. We don’t have all of the answers. By asking questions and spending the time charting a path forward, we remain committed to being informed and progressive. We see the possibilities that AI can bring to our teaching and learning environments.

Stay tuned for continuing updates next year.

Political and Economic Upheaval

I have never intended for this blog to serve as a political platform—that has never been its purpose. Yet, remaining silent in the face of today’s turbulent political, social, and economic climate would be to ignore the wild uncertainty that surrounds us. This global instability is reverberating across all levels of governance — national, provincial, and local — leaving no community untouched, including here in British Columbia. Government budgets are in a state of flux, and school districts are not immune from the effects of this global uncertainty.

A Personal Perspective

Life is filled with moments that take your breath away and remind you there is a bigger picture . This past year, one of those moments was the birth of our granddaughter, Ophelia. What a pure bundle of joy! And, she just had her first birthday.

Her brightness and inquisitiveness, the pure joy when she tastes new food, the giggles when you play peek-a-boo, and the screams of delight when you blow bubbles in her neck — they all put into perspective life’s priorities.

While there are many pressure points in our professional lives — in the end, what matters most are the people.

It is Ophelia and others like her who bring the greatest meaning to our lives and our priorities — both personally and professionally.

See you in September!

For those of you returning next year, I look forward to connecting with you again in our schools and district office. And, if you are off to new adventures thank you for being part of our community of learners. I wish you well.

Thank you to everyone who has entered my world this year — you have made an impact and a difference. I wish all of you a summer of rejuvenation, and opportunities to do the things that may get pushed aside during the busy school year.

Dave

_{(This post was written without the support of Artificial Intelligence.)}

Hiring Our Leaders – What Matters Most

May 11, 2025 / Dave Eberwein / Leave a comment

I’ve seen commentary that people who are wealthy must be great leaders. That is typically not my ‘go to’ as I’ve seen some wealthy people who aren’t the most honourable. Having lots of money doesn’t automatically translate into exceptional leadership. Instead, I look for leaders with exceptional personal values — things like compassion, transparency, consistency and honesty. This being said, there are people in this world who are both wealthy and of high moral character.

Warren Buffett is one of those people.

When he speaks and writes about his values, they transcend the boundaries of finance. The following is a great example:

When one talks about integrity, especially when hiring for leadership positions, it can sometimes be an afterthought for some organizations — and that is a huge mistake.

Integrity in our leaders is what builds trust, and trust is the cornerstone upon which successful organizations thrive. Integrity, intelligence and energy are a forceful combination that can help drive organizational success. However, without integrity, a leader who has both intelligence and energy can be dangerous and even destructive.

Leaders need to possess a strong ethical compass to ensure that their decisions and actions are guided by principles that foster respect and belief in their values.

I have talked about this importance of integrity before, when I discussed the critical importance of CHARACTER (Leadership, Character and Congruence – Oct 2023). Integrity and character are intertwined — they both represent that same intangible, and critical quality that helps build long-term organizational success.

The other two traits that Buffet discusses — intelligence and energy — are undoubtedly valuable in a leader. Intelligence allows for strategic thinking and problem-solving, while energy drives motivation and productivity. However, without integrity, these other two qualities lead to manipulation and dishonesty. A leader who lacks integrity often uses their intelligence to deceive and their high energy levels to pursue selfish goals, ultimately harming the organization and its people.

Buffett reminds us that leadership is not merely about achieving results, but about how those results are achieved. Leaders with integrity create an environment where employees feel valued and respected, leading to higher morale and productivity, and it fosters a culture of transparency and accountability essential for long-term success.

This creates a ripple effect, encouraging employees to act with their own honesty and responsibility.

In today’s fast-paced environment, the temptation to prioritize short-term wins over long-term values can be tempting, yet disastrous. Organizations must look at future leaders beyond their resumes and job qualifications, to assess their character and values. This involves evaluating their past behavior, decision-making processes, and their commitment to ethical principles.

Do they resolve situations by holding true to the values they espouse?
Are they a person who handles difficulties with grace, dignity and accountability?
Are they honourable when no one is looking?

Leadership in education is about the long game. You build productive change by living true to one’s values. Your personal and consistent commitment to them is the game changer for positive results. Leaders who uphold this principle are better equipped to make decisions that benefit their organizations in the long run, even if it means sacrificing immediate rewards.

Furthermore, integrity in leadership is not just about avoiding unethical behavior; it is about actively promoting ethical practices. Leaders with integrity lead by example, demonstrating the importance of honesty, fairness, and respect in all aspects of their work.

So, while intelligence and energy are critically important, they must be grounded in a strong ethical foundation to be truly effective. When hiring leaders ensure that integrity comes first, second and third. Only then, will the leader’s intelligence and energy push your organization to greater heights.

₍_{NOTE: This post was created with the assistance of AI on the Warren Buffet quote, however, there was significant input in the final product from the author’s own beliefs and content.)}